Guess Bio 9th Class 2022
UNIT NO. 1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
SHORT QUESTIONS:
1. What is immunology ?
Immunology is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through various lines of defence. If the immune system is not functioning as it should, it can result in disease, such as autoimmunity, allergy and cancer.
2. What are parasites?
A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. There are three main classes of parasites that can cause disease in humans: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
3. Write achievements of Bu Ali Sina in Biology.
Ibn Sina (Persian: ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (/ˌævɪˈsɛnə, ˌɑːvɪ-/), was a Persian[4] polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islamic Golden Age,[5] and the father of early modern medicine.[6][7][8] Sajjad H. Rizvi has called Avicenna "arguably the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era".[9] He was a Muslim Peripatetic philosopher influenced by Greek Aristotelian philosophy. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine
4. Write the famous writing of Abdul Malik Asmai
"AL Asmai Abdulmalik Bin Quraib Al-Asma"
(740-828)
"Scholar , philologist , and anthologist""
Al-Asmai was a philologist who made important contributions to zoology, Botany and animal husbandry.He was born in BASRAH.He was a disciple of Amr Ibn al'ala , and was a tutor to Harun Rashid's son . Al-Asmai is considered as first Muslim scientist who contributed to Zoology , Botany and Animal Husbandry . The last Book on human anatomy demonstrates his considerable knowledge and expertise on the subject ..
He wrote many works such as : kitab al-khail (THE BOOK OF HORSE),
kitab al -Ibil (THE BOOK OF CAMEL ),
Kitab al -Farq (THE BOOK OF RARE ANIMALS ),
kitab al-wuhush (THE BOOK OF WILD ANIMALS),
Kitab al -Sha (THE BOOK OF SHEEP ),
And kitab Khalaq al - insan ( THE BOOK OF HUMANITY )...
Al -Asmai work's was very popular among scientists of the ninth and tenth century...
He was a pious Arab and a good student of Arabic poetry. Al-Asmai's contributions , in addition to science , were also in Arabib poetry . He had an outsatanding knowledge of Arabic Grammar and lexicography of classical Arabic.. He also compiled an anthology of pre -islamic Arabic poetry called al Asma Iyyat . Several of his works were translated into European Languages...
5. Why is Jabir bin Hayan Famous
Jabir (known as Geber in western history) is mostly known for his contributions to chemistry. He emphasised systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science. He is credited with the invention of many types of now-basic chemical laboratory equipment, and with the discovery and description of many now-commonplace chemical substances and processes – such as the hydrochloric and nitric acids, distillation, and crystallisation – that have become the foundation of today's chemistry and chemical engineering.
In spite of his leanings toward mysticism (he was considered a Sufi) and superstition, he more clearly recognized and proclaimed the importance of experimentation. "The first essential in chemistry", he declared, "is that you should perform practical work and conduct experiments, for he who performs not practical work nor makes experiments will never attain the least degree of mastery."
Jabir is also credited with the invention and development of several chemical instruments that are still used today, such as the alembic, which made distillation easy, safe, and efficient. By distilling various salts together with sulfuric acid, Jabir discovered hydrochloric acid (from salt) and nitric acid (from saltpeter). By combining the two, he invented aqua regia, one of the few substances that can dissolve gold. Besides its obvious applications to gold extraction and purification, this discovery would fuel the dreams and despair of alchemists for the next thousand years. He is also credited with the discovery of citric acid (the sour component of lemons and other unripe fruits), acetic acid (from vinegar), and tartaric acid (from wine-making residues).
Jabir applied his chemical knowledge to the improvement of many manufacturing processes, such as making steel and other metals, preventing rust, engraving gold, dyeing and waterproofing cloth, tanning leather, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other substances. He developed the use of manganese dioxide in glassmaking, to counteract the green tinge produced by iron — a process that is still used today. He noted that boiling wine released a flammable vapor, thus paving the way to Al-Razi's discovery of ethanol.
The seeds of the modern classification of elements into metals and non-metals could be seen in his chemical nomenclature. He proposed three categories: "spirits" which vaporise on heating, like camphor, arsenic, and ammonium chloride; "metals", like gold, silver, lead, copper, and iron; and "stones" that can be converted into powders. In the Middle Ages, Jabir's treatises on alchemy were translated into Latin and became standard texts for European alchemists. Several technical terms introduced by Jabir, such as alkali, have found their way into various European languages and have become part of scientific vocabulary.
6. What is meant by Bio elements?
bioelement Any chemical element that is found in the molecules and compounds that make up a living organism. In the human body the most common bioelements (in decreasing order of occurrence) are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.
7. Differentiate between Population and community.
A population is a group of individuals that belong to a particular species, living in a particular geographical area at a particular time. On the other hand, a community is two or more populations, living in the same geographical area at a particular time.
8.what is specie?write an example?
The definition of a species is a group of animals, plants or other living things that all share common characteristics and that are all classified as alike in some manner. An example of a species is all human beings. noun.
9. What is Bios sphere level?
The biosphere is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists—all ecosystems. The biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of trees, to the dark environments of ocean trenches, to lush rain forests, high mountaintops, and transition zones like this one, where ocean and terrestrial ecosystems meet.
10.Define Tissue and Organ also give example. ?
Tissue Definition
What is tissue in the body? The body tissue is an aggregation of cells that function together and have a similar function. The cells of a multicellular organism do not usually function independently instead they are usually associated with other cells forming a tissue. Mostly, tissues are made up of several types of cells that cover different requirements of tissue function. The study of tissues is called histology. This science studies the anatomy of different tissues using microscopes. The microscopic biological science histology helped in the classification of tissues of both plant and animal tissue as well as identifying their detailed structure.
“When cells of an organism with similar functions and structures come together to form a group, this unit is called tissue.” Get info straight from an Expert: Smooth muscle vs dense regular connective tissue. Join us now!
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